01 - Preheat the oven to 400°F. Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with butter or cooking spray.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add cauliflower florets and cook for 5 minutes until just tender. Drain well and set aside.
03 - In a medium saucepan, melt butter over medium heat. Add diced onion and cook for 3 minutes until softened and translucent.
04 - Stir flour into the onions and cook for 1 minute, stirring constantly. Slowly whisk in milk until smooth and thickened, about 2–3 minutes.
05 - Remove from heat. Stir in 1 1/2 cups cheddar cheese, sour cream, Dijon mustard, garlic powder, salt, and pepper until the cheese is melted and the sauce is smooth.
06 - Combine drained cauliflower with the cheese sauce, mixing gently to coat evenly. Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish and spread in an even layer.
07 - Sprinkle the remaining 1/2 cup cheddar cheese evenly over the cauliflower mixture.
08 - In a small bowl, mix panko breadcrumbs, Parmesan cheese, and olive oil until combined. Sprinkle evenly over the casserole.
09 - Bake for 25–30 minutes, or until the topping is golden brown and the casserole is bubbling around the edges.
10 - Let the casserole cool for 5 minutes before serving to allow it to set.